Main Issues

This section of the Guidelines sets out some concerns which apply, to a greater or a lesser degree, at all classification levels. The concerns are listed in the same order on the pages following, which provide specific guidance for ‘U’ through to ‘18’. The guidance there should be read in the light of this more general advice.

Theme

The acceptability of a theme depends significantly on its treatment ie the context and sensitivity of its presentation. However, the most problematic themes (for example drug abuse, sexual violence, paedophilia, incitement to racial hatred or violence) are unlikely to be appropriate at the most junior levels of classification. Correspondingly, there is no reason in principle why most themes, however difficult, could not be satisfactorily handled at ‘18’ or even ‘15’.

Language

Many people are offended, some of them deeply, by bad language, including the use of expletives with a religious or racial association and language which offends other, sometimes vulnerable, minorities. The extent of that offence varies according to age, gender, race, background, beliefs and expectations brought by viewers to the genre on offer.

The depth of concern about any particular word or expression will also depend upon the context within which it is used.

For these reasons, it is impossible to set out comprehensive lists of acceptable words or expressions which will satisfy all sections of the public. The advice at different classification levels, therefore, provides general guidance taking account of the Board's consultation with the public.

Nudity

Natural nudity, providing there is no sexual context, is acceptable at all classification levels except 'Uc'.

Sex

The portrayal of human sexual activity can range from kissing and references to 'making love' to detail of real sex. This is reflected in the classification system, in which progressively stronger portrayal is allowed as the categories rise. The guidelines apply the same standards to homosexual as to heterosexual activity.

The 'R18' category, required by Parliament under the Video Recordings Act, is primarily for “sex works”, whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation. ‘R18’ videos and DVDs may be supplied only in licensed sex shops which no-one under 18 may enter. 'R18' films may be shown only in specially licensed cinemas.

Violence

Violence has always been a feature of entertainment for children and adults. We address the degree and nature of violence through our classification system.

In making decisions our concerns, especially at the lower categories, include

• portrayal of violence as a normal solution to problems
• heroes who inflict pain and injury
• callousness towards victims
• encouraging aggressive attitudes
• taking pleasure in pain or humiliation

Works which glorify, glamorise or sexualise violence will receive a more restrictive classification and may even be cut.

The BBFC has a strict policy on rape and sexual violence. With portrayals of sexual violence (which might e.g. eroticise or endorse sexual assault) the Board may require cuts at any classification level. This is more likely with DVD or video than film because DVD and video scenes can be replayed repeatedly.

Any association of sex with non-consensual restraint, pain or humiliation may be cut.

Imitable Techniques

The BBFC is concerned about detailed portrayal of criminal and violent techniques and the glamorisation of easily accessible weapons. Action which may promote illegal or anti-social behaviour, and portrayals of potentially dangerous behaviour which young children are likely to copy, are of particular concern. Examples of the Board's concerns in this area include combat techniques, hanging, suicide and self-harm.

Horror

The BBFC recognises that audiences pay to see horror films because they like being frightened. The Board does not cut films simply because they alarm or shock. Instead, it classifies them to ensure that the young and vulnerable are protected from too intense an experience.

Drugs

No work taken as a whole may promote or encourage the use of illegal drugs. Any detailed portrayal of drug use likely to promote or glamorise the activity may be cut. Works which promote or glamorise smoking, alcohol abuse or substance misuse may also be a concern, particularly at the junior categories.